This study explores the effects of Interferon-β characteristics such as country of origin, injection frequency and method, monthly cost, efficacy, and side effects on multiple-sclerosis patients’ willingness to pay. For this purpose, MS patients with a history of using Interferon-β were studied from the three major Isfahan MS centers. Choice sets were designed with a combination of attributes a...

The method of obtaining the plan of experiments in multidimensional space is considered in the paper. The method is based on assumptions of uniform distribution of charged particles in infinite space. To obtain the plan of experiments, the infinite multidimensional space is replaced with a hypercube whose surface models influence infinite space. The software is developed, and practical results ...

background due to the importance and uniqueness of the characteristics of the health sector, one of the most important priorities of the ministry of health is measuring the efficiency and quality of services which are provided for the people who refer to the health sectors. in all health systems, responding to the needs and wishes of patients is a crucial priority. objectives the main purpose o...

background: health workforce shortages in rural and remote areas are a global challenge that almost every health system has to deal with. this study aimed to discover neurosurgeons’ job preferences and propose policy interventions that could possibly increase their retention in rural, remote, or underserved areas. methods: a discrete choice experiment (dce) was conducted in november 2014 with a...

We show how to produce short proofs of theorems such that a distrusting Verifier can be convinced that the theorem is true yet obtains no information about the proof itself. The proofs are non-interactive provided that the quadratic residuosity bit commitment scheme is available to the Prover and Verifier. For typical applications, the proofs are short enough to fit on a floppy disk.